Hundreds of pilgrims set out from Europe to the Holy Land between 385 and 1099 AD, but of these only eighteen wrote descriptions which have survived. They provide essential background material for the history of Christianity in the Holy Land, as well as for all archaeologists and geographers of the Byzantine and Early Arab period. In this companion volume to Wilkinson's Egeria's Travels , these texts are translated and wherever possible related to archaeological work. With maps and indexes, the reader is provided with a vivid picture of the physical conditions of travel and the development of Christian prayer in the Holy Places. This second edition is updated and expanded.