Talking Back
A Monastic Handbook for Combating Demons
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How did the monks of the Egyptian desert fight against the demons that attacked them with tempting thoughts? How could Christians resist the thoughts of gluttony, fornication, or pride that assailed them and obstructed their contemplation of God? According to Evagrius of Pontus (345 '399), one of the greatest spiritual directors of ancient monasticism, the monk should talk back to demons with relevant passages from the Bible. His book Talking Back (Antirrhêtikos) lists over 500 thoughts or circumstances in which the demon-fighting monk might find himself, along with the biblical passages with which the monk should respond. It became one of the most popular books among the ascetics of Late Antiquity and the Byzantine East, but until now the entire text had not been translated into English. From Talking Back we gain a better understanding of Evagrius's eight primary demons: gluttony, fornication, love of money, sadness, anger, listlessness, vainglory, and pride. We can explore a central aspect of early monastic spirituality, and we get a glimpse of the temptations and anxieties that the first desert monks faced.
David Brakke is professor and chair of the Department of Religious Studies in the College of Arts and Sciences of Indiana University. He studied ancient Christianity at Harvard Divinity School and Yale University. Brakke is the author of Athanasius and Asceticism and Demons and the Making of the Monk: Spiritual Combat in Early Christianity, and he edits the Journal of Early Christian Studies.
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction 1
Note on Texts and Translations 41
Loukios, Letter to Evagrius 45
Evagrius, Letter 4 47
TALKING BACK
PROLOGUE 49
FIRST BOOK
Against the Thoughts of Gluttony 53
SECOND BOOK
Against the Thoughts of Fornication 69
THIRD BOOK
Concerning Love of Money 85
FOURTH BOOK
Concerning the Thoughts of the Demon of Sadness 99
FIFTH BOOK
Against the Demon of Anger 119
SIXTH BOOK
Against the Thoughts of the Demon of Listlessness 133
SEVENTH BOOK
Against the Thoughts from the Demon of Vainglory 147
EIGHTH BOOK
Against the Cursed Thoughts of Pride 159
Bibliography 175
Index of Scripture Passages Used as Responses 181
Index of Scripture Passages Excluding Those Used as Responses 189