This translation by Sarah Austin (1793–1867) of German historian Leopold von Ranke's three-volume work contributed significantly to early modern history and historiography. By some accounts 'the best living translator' of her time, Austin was a member of social circles that included Jeremy Bentham and J. S. Mill. Ranke (1795–1886) worked for most of his life at the University of Berlin, writing several histories covering the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries. (His six-volume History of England is also reissued in this series.) Austin's translation recognises Ranke's importance to Western historiography: his influential methodology stressed the centrality of using primary sources and of the historian's objectivity. Ranke's history engages with a much wider area than his title suggests; indeed, his subject is 'the struggle between Catholicism and Protestantism, between authority and innovation', as Austin writes. These volumes will be of interest to early modern historians and historiographers alike.