Acknowledgements Notes on Translation Illustrations Abbreviations Introduction 1. Evangelical Awakening: Becoming Protestant in the Arab Renaissance 2. "Publishing" the Gospel, Reading the Nahda: Protestant Print Culture in Late Ottoman Syria 3. A Feminist Awakening? Evangelical Women and the Arab Renaissance 4. Ministers and Nahdawi Masculinity: The Beirut Church Controversy 5. Syrian Women with a Mission: Preaching the Bible and Building the Protestant Church Conclusion Glossary Appendix A: Syrian Protestant Genealogies Appendix B: American Missionary Families and Dates of Service Appendix C: Founding Members of the Evangelical Independent Church of Beirut, 1894 Appendix D: Biblewomen Employed by the British Syrian Mission: 1860-1914 Appendix E: Statistical Comparison: Biblewomen of the British and American Missions Appendix F: Publications of Syrian Women at the American Mission Press, Beirut Bibliography Index