?esed and the New Testament
An Intertextual Categorization Study
?esed and the New Testament
An Intertextual Categorization Study
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Paperback / softback
£30.99
Publisher: Pennsylvania State University Press
ISBN: 9781646022427
Number of Pages: 298
Published: 20/05/2025
Width: 15.2 cm
Height: 22.9 cm
In the Hebrew Bible, ?esed (steadfast love, loyalty, devotion) denotes an important concept that is relevant to interpersonal relationships in every generation. In this book, Karen Nelson investigates New Testament engagement with that concept and the exegetical value of recognizing such engagement.
This investigation employs an original hybrid of two methodological approaches: intertextuality, used to consider how New Testament authors appropriate texts that evoke ?esed or ?asîd, and categorization, used to analyze and compare instances of the categories ?sd and ?syd within the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. Nelson’s work challenges assertions that the New Testament equivalent of ?esed is agape (love) or charis (grace). Rather, she contends that ?esed and ?asîd are more likely to be evoked by the terms with which they are most often rendered in the Septuagint: eleos and hosios, respectively. Nelson rereads selected New Testament pericopes in light of ?esed, highlighting points about ongoing devotion to kinship and covenantal relationships often overlooked in those contexts and showing how New Testament authors and figures utilize the ?esed tradition to critique the contemporary socioreligious situation and encourage belief, enduring commitment, and appropriately changed lifestyles.
Addressing a topic that spans the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, this study will be of value to biblical scholars, especially those who are interested in semantics.
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
Typographical Conventions for Intertextual Categorization
Chapter 1. ?esed and the New Testament: Goal, Obstacles, and Responses
1.1 Recovering ?esed
1.2 Obstacles and Responses
Chapter 2. An Intertextual Categorization Study: Methodological Approaches
2.1 Intertextuality
2.2 Categorization
2.3 Intertextual Categorization and ?esed
Chapter 3. Interpersonal Relationships in Ancient Israel: The Domain of ?esed
Chapter 4. ?sd in the Hebrew Bible and Other Literature of the Second Temple Period
4.1 ?sd in the Hebrew Bible
4.2 ?sd in Other Literature of the Second Temple Period
Chapter 5. ?syd in the Hebrew Bible and Other Literature of the Second Temple Period
5.1 ?syd in the Hebrew Bible
5.2 ?syd in Other Literature of the Second Temple Period
Chapter 6. Greek Words That Evoke ?sd or ?syd
6.1 Eleos
6.2 Hosios
6.3 New Testament Occurrences of Eleos and Hosios
Chapter 7. Eleos in Matthew’s Gospel: A Weighty Matter of the Law
7.1 Intertextual Connections Between Eleos in Matthew’s Gospel and ?sd in the Hebrew Bible
7.1 The Category ?SD in Matthew’s Gospel
7.3 Exegetical Value of Recognizing Engagement with the Category ?SD in Matthew’s Gospel
7.4 Conclusions
Chapter 8. Eleos in Paul’s Letters: The Reason for Gentiles Glorifying God
8.1 Intertextual Connections Between Eleos in Paul’s Letters and ?sd in the Hebrew Bible
8.2 The Category ?SD in Romans and Galatians
8.3 Exegetical Value of Recognizing Engagement with the Category ?SD in Romans and Galatians
8.4 Conclusions
Chapter 9. Eleos in Luke’s Gospel: A Basis for Remembered Promises and Neighborly Actions
9.1 Intertextual Connections Between Eleos in Luke’s Gospel and ?sd in the Hebrew Bible
9.2 The Category ?SD in Luke’s Gospel
9.3 Exegetical Value of Recognizing Engagement with the Category ?SD in Luke’s Gospel
9.4 Conclusions
Chapter 10. Eleos in Other New Testament Books: Characteristic of God, Reason for Hope
10.1 Intertextual Connections Between Eleos in Hebrews, James, First Peter, Second John, and Jude and ?sd in the Hebrew Bible
10.2 The Category ?SD in First Peter 1:3–2:10
10.3 Exegetical Value of Recognizing Engagement with the Category ?SD in First Peter 1:3–2:10
10.4 Conclusions
Chapter 11. Hosios in Acts: A Gift and Promises Concerning David and His Descendant
11.1 Intertextual Connections Between Hosios in Acts and ?sd or ?syd in the Hebrew Bible
11.2 The Categories ?SD and ?SYD in Acts
11.3 Exegetical Value of Recognizing Engagement with the Categories ?SD and ?SYD in Acts
11.4 Conclusions
Chapter 12. Hosios in Other New Testament Books: A Description of the One Who Makes Faithful and Righteous Judgments
12.1 Intertextual Connections Between Hosios in First Timothy, Titus, Hebrews, and Revelation and ?syd in the Hebrew Bible
12.2 The Category ?SYD in Revelation 15–16
12.3 Exegetical Value of Recognizing Engagement with the Category ?SYD in Revelation 15–16
12.4 Conclusions
Chapter 13. ?SD, ?SYD, Eleos, and Hosios in the New Testament
13.1 The Categories ?SD and ?SYD in the New Testament
13.2 Eleos in the New Testament
13.3 Hosios in the New Testament
Chapter 14. ?esed and the New Testament: Conclusions and Outlook
14.1 Evidence of New Testament Engagement with the Concept Corresponding to ?esed
14.2 Aspects of New Testament Engagement with the Concept Corresponding to ?esed
14.3 Exegetical Value of Recognizing New Testament Engagement with the Concept Corresponding to ?esed
14.4 Conclusion
14.5 Limitations and Implications
Appendixes
1. Hebrew Bible Occurrences of ??? and ????
2. LXX Occurrences of ??e??, ??e??, and ?s???
3. Occurrences of ??? and ???? in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Sirach
Bibliography
Index
