The Emergence of the Evangelical Egyptians traces the complex cultural encounter between American Presbyterian missionaries and the Egyptian Coptic Orthodox leaders over indigenous Protestant conversion in late Ottoman Egypt, 1854-1878. This examination uses various Arabic, English, and French sources to uncover the complexities behind the narratives from that time, thereby enriching the previous approach to the history, and later studies regarding Protestant conversion, and the clash of American and Arab civilizations over religious freedom. This fresh perspective will expand the story to include indigenous voices and cultural understandings.