Revelation and the Marble Economy of Roman Ephesus
A People's History Approach
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In an effort to bring the (im)practicalities of John’s command for withdrawal from cultural participation in 18:4 to the forefront of scholarly discourse, this book reconstructs the marble economy of ancient Ephesus and proceeds to read Revelation by foregrounding the daily lives of its marble-workers. This book argues that Ephesus was a major center of the marble economy in the Roman world and that the infrastructure that went into creating, building, and sustaining such an enterprise generated the need for a large workforce. Anna M. V. Bowden further demonstrates that the majority of marble-workers endured poor working conditions and struggled on a daily basis to ensure subsistence. Finally, Bowden explores the ways marble-workers participated in empire “through the work of their hands” (9:20) and questions John’s characterization of marble-workers as idolaters, sorcerers, murderers, fornicators, and thieves. Bowden concludes that the praxis Revelation requires from its audience of complete withdrawal is pragmatically not sustainable and is ultimately a manifesto leaving marble-workers jobless, hungry, and with a heightened risk for malnutrition, disease, injury, and even death.
List of Figures
List of Tables
Acknowledgments
Chapter One: Rev. 18:4 and Societal Participation
Chapter Two: A People’s History Approach
Chapter Three: The Ephesian Marble Economy
Chapter Four: The Marble-Workers
Chapter Five: The Work of Their Hands
Chapter Six: The Marble-less New Jerusalem
Conclusion
Bibliography
About the Author